For most people, their knowledge of the stratified world of household
service in Edwardian England comes from film and TV. The PBS series “Upstairs Downstairs”
introduced the whole idea of the upstairs servants versus the downstairs
servants. “Downton Abbey” confirmed to
us that life of the servants downstairs was completely different from the life
of the aristocrats upstairs. Movies like
“Mary Poppins” showed us Edwardian England, an era that was completely
different from modern life, even though that movie was made only about fifty
years after the events supposedly happened.
I learned about the usually hidden life of those who were “in
service” in Edwardian England long before I saw the mini-series “Upstairs
Downstairs”. My grandmother, Bertha Louise Roberts, was
born in Leeds, Yorkshire, England in 1897. At age 12 she had to go to
work. That means that in 1909 she left
school and was placed to work six days a week at the local vicarage. She had to live there, and was allowed to
come home to visit only on Sunday mornings.
Can you imagine sending your child to live that sort of life? Grammy's stories about her childhood were endlessly fascinating to me when I was a girl.
Fortunately, she was in training as an under-nurse, and was
not a scullery maid. That means she was
a an assistant to a Nanny. The household
in which she worked was huge. There was
an under-nurse, a nanny, and a governess for four boys. The middle two boys were twins. There was a large downstairs staff, and also
the upstairs servants. The nursery
staff were “between the stairs”. As the
under-nurse, Bertha had to run all the
errands to the kitchen, such as getting the food, scuttling the coal and
cleaning the children’s silver service.
Apparently there was a dispute between the kitchen staff and
the upstairs staff, and Bertha was caught in the middle. It sounds like a story line for TV, doesn't it? But it was miserable for a twelve year old girl. Luckily, my uncle was interested in genealogy and he taped his mother reminiscing about her childhood in Leeds. This tape was made in the 1970s, and she said “The nurse and the cook didn’t get along with each other and it
made it difficult for me. I would go
down and chop great big hunks of coal and cook didn't give me the newspapers
that I needed for the fire and we didn't have any nice things sent up to
us. We got the food, but we didn't have
any cakes or anything nice sent up to us.
I was really very homesick and I would run all the way home and my
mother would say “if you’re not happy, Bertha, you don’t have to stay there.” But I just felt that I had to…”
I have a postcard from Bertha’s sister, Hilda, which she
sent to the vicarage. From this postcard
I was able to see that the Holy Trinity vicarage was located at Hyde Terrace,
Claredon Road, in Leeds, but there was no house number. I googled the words “Holy Trinity” Leeds “Hyde
Terrace” and found a link to a page on a website called British Listed
Buildings
http://www.britishlistedbuildings.co.uk/en-465894-38-hyde-terrace- and according to this page the vicarage was listed at 38 Hyde Terrace. There is also a great
description of the house, and a link to the street view at
https://maps.google.com/. The Victorian style brick home was built in
1857 and looks like a grand mansion. It
also says that the building is now flats (apartments). It is
located in the current neighborhood of the Leeds University. From the Google Street view I was able to grab a screen shot for the photograph below.
 |
38 Hyde Terrace, Leeds, Yorkshire, England from Google Streetview
This was the Holy Trinity Vicarage 100 years ago, built in 1857 |
I could also see from the Google maps application that Hyde Terrace was about one mile from where Bertha's family lived. Her street, Northwest View, no longer exists due to urban renewal and the Leeds University expansion. In her audio tape of her life story, her description of life in these slums rivals the scenes in the book Angela's Ashes by Frank McCourt. Bertha said " I was allowed to go home on Sunday afternoons so I could go to Sunday school and I would have supper with my family and then my father would take me back because the vicarage was in a very isolated part of the city. And I always had a lot of newspapers and a cake that Mother had made for me. Then I had half a day once a month that I could go home."
 |
An old photo of the Woodhouse neighborhood of Leeds
This section of the city no longer exists, and it was where Bertha lived as a child |
More from Bertha "There was quite a class distinction over there and the vicar's wife was really very snobbish. I was just a little servant girl and there was lots of things I couldn't do... I wasn't allowed to do…... And lots of times they would have parties for the children and some of the children were probably just as old as I was. But if we played games I had to go outside of the nursery and then go back in again. I had to be the last one to go in. It gave me sort of an inferiority complex but finally I had big rosy cheeks and the nurse was very nice to me. But after she left I wasn't too happy there so I came home again."
Every time I watch "Downton Abbey" or read a historical novel about life in upper crust households in Edwardian England, I think about my grandmother. The nicest thing about "Downton Abbey" is that some of the downstairs staff in the show use the same Yorkshire accent as my grandmother. It really is nice to hear that again! I would love to find some non-fiction books or documentaries about the life of servants in England during this time period. Relying on fictional television and movies for information is not very authentic research, is it? But it certainly is fun!
I previously blogged about Bertha’s audio tape, and you can read
the part about her life at the vicarage at this link:
http://nutfieldgenealogy.blogspot.com/2010/04/amanuensis-monday-berthas-audio-tape_26.html It was a six part series to transcribe the
entire tape, and if you are truly interested in her early life in the slums of
Leeds and her 1915 immigration to America you might want to read all six blog
posts.
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Genealogy tidbit about Bertha Louise Roberts (my grandmother):
My great grandfather was John Peter Bowden Roberts, born August 1865 in Leeds, Yorkshire, England, and died 23 August 1925 in Beverly, Massachusetts; married on 24 May 1890 at St. Clement's church, in Sheepscar, Leeds to Emma Frances Warren, daughter of Obed Thomas Warren and Betsey Hannah Stimson. She was born about 1870 in Peterborough, Northampton, England and died in August 1925 in Beverly, Massachusetts. Four children:
1.) Hilda Mary Roberts, born 14 May 1891 in Leeds, died 1 July 1990 in Marlborough, Massachusetts; married in 1914 in Leeds to her first cousin, Herbert Pogson. Four children born in Massachusetts
2) Horace Warren Roberts, born 5 September 1895 in Leeds, died 2 November 1969 in Beverly; married on 20 June 1920 to Katherine Bella MacDermid. Three children born in Beverly, Massachusetts.
3.) Bertha Louise Roberts, my grandmother, born 30 September 1897 in Leeds, died 17 March 1990 in Long Beach, California; married on 26 November 1926 in Beverly to Donald Munroe Wilkinson. Three sons born in Beverly, Massachusetts.
4.) Infant son, born before 1900 in Leeds, died young.
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To cite/link to this blog post: Heather Wilkinson Rojo, "She lived “between the stairs”: reminiscing about my Grandmother’s stories during the “Downton Abbey” premiere….", Nutfield Genealogy, posted October 1, 2013, ( https://nutfieldgenealogy.blogspot.com/2013/01/she-lived-between-stairs-reminiscing.html: accessed [access date]).
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